Part 3: France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic
👉🏻 Louis XVI entered into secret negotiations with the King of Prussia.
👉🏻 Louis XVI made plans to send troops to put down the events that had been taking place since 1789.
👉🏻 Before this could happen, the National Assembly in April 1792 voted to declare war against Prussia and Austria. Thousands of volunteers joined the army, seeing this war as a struggle of the people against kings and aristocracies across Europe.
👉🏻 They sang "La Marseillaise," composed by Roget de L'Isle, for the first time as they marched from Marseille to Paris. This is how the anthem got its name. "La Marseillaise" is now the National Anthem of France.
👉🏻 Men were away fighting, leaving women to cope with the tasks of earning a living and looking after their families.
👉🏻 The revolution was to be continued further because the Constitution of 1791 gave political rights only to the richer sections of society.
👉🏻 Political clubs were set up for people who wished to discuss government policy and plan their own forms of action. The Jacobin club got its name from the former convent of St. Jacob in Paris. Women's clubs were also active during this time.
👉🏻 The Jacobin Club included members from less prosperous sections of society such as small shopkeepers, artisans, servants, and daily wage workers. The leader of the Jacobins was Maximilien Robespierre. They wore long-striped trousers, similar to those worn by dockworkers, to distinguish themselves from nobles who wore knee-breeches, symbolizing the end of noble power. These trousers were called "sans-culottes," meaning those without knee-breeches. Men also wore red caps as a symbol of liberty.
👉🏻 On August 10, 1792, the Jacobins stormed the Tuileries Palace, massacred the king's guards, and took the king hostage. The National Assembly voted to imprison the royal family. Additionally, all men aged 21 years and above were granted the right to vote.
👉🏻 The newly elected assembly was called the Convention. In September 1792, it abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic, where the government was elected by the people.
👉🏻 Louis XVI was sentenced to death on charges of treason and executed on January 21, 1793, at the Place de la Concorde. Queen Marie Antoinette also met the same fate.
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