Part 5 Visualising the Nation
Ø Personification of nation in 18th and 19th century.
Ø Female figures were used
Ø Allegory of the nation - abstract idea of the nation in a concrete
female form
Ø During French Revolution
ü
Liberty was
represented by red cap or broken chains
ü
Justice was
represented by a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scale.
Ø Female allegories representing Nation:-
ü
France - Christened
Marianne - the red cap, the tricolour, the cockade - showing liberty and
Republic.
ü
Germany - Germania
- wears a Crown of Oak leaves - Oak stands for heroism.
Part 6. Nationalism and imperialism
Ø By the last quarter of the 19th Century nationalism changed a bit.
Ø Nationalist groups became increasingly intolerant of each other
and ever ready to go to war.
Ø Manipulated the Nationalist aspirations of the subject peoples in
Europe to further their own imperialist aims.
Ø Balkans:
ü It was a region of geographical and ethnic variations comprising
modern day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia - Herzegovina,
Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs.
ü Large part was under Ottoman Empire.
ü The spread of ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans
together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made this reason very
explosive.
ü The Balkan States were fiercely jealous of each other and each
hoped to gain more territory at the expense of the others.
ü It further complicated as the balkans became the scene of big
power rivalry.
ü There was intense rivalry among the European powers over trade and
colonies as well as naval and military might.
ü Each power - Russia, Germany, England, Austria-Hungary - wanted to
extend its own control over the area.
ü Lead to the first world war in 1914.
Ø Anti Imperial nationalism:
ü Many countries in the world which had been colonized by the
European powers in the 19th century began to oppose Imperial domination.
ü People developed their own specific variety of nationalism
ü Idea that societies should be organised into 'nation States' came
to be accepted as Natural and universal.
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