Monday, 25 March 2024

HISTORY NOTES CLASS 10 - PAGE 1 - CHAPTER 1 - THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

 






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HISTORY NOTES                         CLASS 10[CBSE]                       CHAPTER 1

RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

 

Introduction

 

Ø Frederic Sorrieu, a French artist, in 1848 prepared for painting

 

Ø In these he visualised his dream of a world made up of " Democratic and social republics".

 

Ø Name of the first print - 'The dream of worldwide democratic and social republics - the pact between Nations'.

 

Ø Highlights of the first print:-

 

1.        It shows the peoples of Europe and America - men and women of all ages and social classes - marching in a long train, and offering homage to the statue of Liberty as they pass by it.

 

2.      Statue of Liberty is a female figure.

 

3.      She bears the torch of enlightenment in her left hand and the charter of the rights of man in her right hand.

 

4.      On the earth, lie the remains of the symbols of absolutists Institutions.

Note:- Absolutist institution is a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised.

 

5.    The peoples of the world are grouped as distinct nations, identified by their national flags and costumes.

 

6.    United States and Switzerland had already become nation states, thus they had already passed the statue of Liberty, leading the procession.

 

7.  France with a Tricolor flag and Germany with a black, red and gold flag followed respectively.

Note:- Germany did not exist as a nation state during the time, the flag was a symbol of liberal hopes in 1848 to unify numerous german speaking principalities into a nation state under a democratic constitution.

 

8.    Austria, The kingdom of the two Siciles, Lombardy, Poland, England, Ireland, Hungary and Russia followed them.

 

9.  Christ, saints and angels gaze at the procession from the heaven which symbolised fraternity among the nations.

 

Ø Nation state - A state in which the majority of its citizens, and not only its rulers came to develop a sense of common identity and shared history or descent.

 

Ø Modern state - A state with centralised power exercised sovereign control over a clearly defined territory.

 

Ø Ernst Renan:- (1823 - 92)

 

ü  At the University of Sorbonne 1882, Ernst Renan, a French philosopher outline "What is a nation?"

 

ü  A nation is the culmination of a long past of endeavours, sacrifice and devotion. a heroic past, great men, glory that is the social capital upon which one bases a national idea. A nation is therefore a large scale solidarity.

 

ü  If anyone has the right to be consulted, he or she is the inhabitant of that nation.

 

ü  A nation never annexes or holds on a country against its well.

 

ü  Existence of nations is a guarantee of liberty.


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